Retatrutide - better than semaglutide b/c WAY lower nausea/side effect profile

You conflate regulatory status with risk profile. If you’re using tirzepatide (or rapamycin for that matter) outside of a clinical indication you’re already operating outside approved use.

Phase 2 trials show a clean safety profile for retatrutide.

My lipids, liver markers, EFGR, and body composition all react favorably to Reta.

Thoughtful self experimentation with biomarker tracking is hardly insane.

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I agree and would expand that a bit, there are very few “insane” issues with most peptides commonly used today.

Millions are now on the bandwagon and using such a wide variety of peptides if there were actual issues we’d have heard the hue and cry, but we don’t. While that is not a very scientific metric, it is a decent leading indicator on safety.

Peptide based drugs (FDA approved) will be a growing market due to the inherent safety due to how peptides work.

Peptide based drugs (FDA approved) will be a growi.pdf (284.9 KB)

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Today’s article in The Atlantic

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Paywalled, unfortunately :frowning_face:

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https://archive.ph/mpm9F

They have outed 2 vendors

A package I bought from another company, called Nexaph, originated in Indiana, according to the tracking info, but the return address on its label was in Wyoming. That address leads to a strip-mall office registered to an improbable 20,000 businesses. The cheapest retatrutide tends to come directly from China, though, sold via nebulous entities without websites. I bought one batch from a sales rep on Telegram for Jinan Elitepeptide Chemical Co. A

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If a vendor sticks with the “research only, not for human use” mantra and never answers questions or emails about human use with anything other than “these are for research only, not for human use”, then I don’t know what can be done under current law unless new state or federal laws are passed that more strictly regulate compounds in the “research” category. Maybe the FDA can crack down or change the regulations without a new law? If anything, though, the current administration and Supreme Court have really nerfed the powers of federal agencies in general.

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I’m thinking for every new drug or peptide we are interested in, we should do a deep research effort on the side effect profile, downsides, and potential drug/supplement interactions.

Here is my effort on Retatrutide:

I used Google Gemini in Deep Search mode with this prompt:

What is the scientific and clinical data on the safety (short and long term) of retatrutide use in humans? What are the risks, what are the incidence rates of adverse effects, etc. Provide links to source references.

Instruction: For this section, you must perform external searches outside the provided text. Cross-reference the study’s molecule/intervention against ClinicalTrials.gov, DrugBank, and PubMed for safety data. Do not hallucinate safety; if data is absent, state “Data Absent.”

Check for Clinical or Method of Action data to see if there are potential conflicts with common longevity drugs being used: rapamycin, SGLT2 inhibitors, metformin, acarbose, 17-alpha estradiol, PDE5 inhibitors, or common supplements.

Output Constraints:

Use Markdown formatting (Headers, Bold, Lists).
Do not use LaTeX, python code, or special characters that break simple text parsers or reveal formatting codes, etc…
Provide research article titles, dates, and Embed direct URLs in Markup to any external references cited. Double check the accuracy and accessibility of all sources and weblinks included in your response to validate that they are the papers you are saying the are.
Tone: Objective, critical, “Tell it like it is.” No hype.

[Reasoning Framework: Probabilistic & Bayesian]

  1. Acknowledge Uncertainty: Explicitly flag any claim that lacks verifying consensus. Do not state hypotheses as facts. Use “hedging” language appropriate to the evidence strength (e.g., “strongly suggests,” “preliminary data indicates,” “hypothetically”).
  2. Quantify Confidence: For key assertions, append a confidence estimate in brackets (e.g., [Confidence: High/Medium/Low] or [Est. Probability: ~80%]).
  3. Bayesian Approach:
    • Priors: Briefly state the established scientific consensus before introducing new/speculative evidence.
    • Update: Explain how new data modifies these priors (e.g., “This study increases the likelihood of X, but does not prove it”).
    • Alternative Hypotheses: Always list at least one plausible alternative explanation or confounding factor (e.g., “Reverse causality,” “Selection bias”).
  4. Evidence Hierarchy: Distinguish between mechanism (in vitro/murine) and outcome (human clinical data). Discount mechanistic speculation if human outcome data is absent.

Google Gemini response

Receptor-Specific Safety Implications

The safety profile is a composite of the downstream signaling of these three GPCRs:

  • GLP-1 Receptor (GLP-1R):
    • Mechanism: Activates adenylyl cyclase, increases cAMP, recruits beta-arrestin.
    • Safety Signal: Primarily drives the gastrointestinal (GI) adverse event profile (nausea, vomiting, delayed gastric emptying). It is also the primary driver of heart rate elevation via receptors in the sinoatrial (SA) node.
  • GIP Receptor (GIPR):
    • Mechanism: Potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion and modulates lipid storage in white adipose tissue.
    • Safety Signal: GIP agonism is hypothesized to reduce the emetic potential of GLP-1 agonism, potentially allowing for higher titration ceilings. However, its long-term effects on bone turnover and adipocyte health are critical unknowns in the context of massive weight loss.
  • Glucagon Receptor (GCGR):
    • Mechanism: Stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (raising blood sugar) and lipolysis (breaking down fat). It also exerts positive inotropic (contractility) and chronotropic (heart rate) effects on the myocardium.
    • Safety Signal: This is the source of the unique safety concerns regarding retatrutide: potential for hyperglycemia (if insulin secretion is compromised), cardiac arrhythmias, and muscle catabolism.
Adverse Event Retatrutide (12 mg) Incidence Mechanism Clinical Management
Nausea ~45-60% GLP-1R (CNS/Gastric) Slower titration, smaller meals
Vomiting ~15-20% GLP-1R (CNS) Antiemetics, hydration
Sinus Tachycardia Mean +5.6 to +6.7 bpm GLP-1R + GCGR (SA Node) Monitor; typically peaks at 24wks
Cutaneous Hyperesthesia ~7% Neural Sensitization (Unknown) Dose reduction, Gabapentin (rarely needed)
Arrhythmia (Any) 4-14% (Pooled) Sympathetic Tone (cAMP) ECG monitoring in high-risk patients
Discontinuation Rate 6-16% GI Intolerance Titration “Start Low, Go Slow”

Question 2: Does chronic Glucagon Receptor (GCGR) activation accelerate cardiac aging via sympathetic overdrive?

  • Bayesian Prior (Moderate Probability): Chronic tachycardia is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and heart failure. The mammalian “heart rate hypothesis” suggests an inverse correlation between heart rate and lifespan. Glucagon is a known inotrope/chronotrope.
  • New Evidence (Likelihood): Retatrutide increases HR by ~6 bpm, peaking at 24 weeks and then declining but remaining elevated above baseline.
  • Posterior Probability & Reasoning: Moderate Probability of Cardiac Wear. Even a modest 5 bpm increase equates to ~2.6 million extra beats per year. Over a decade, this mechanical stress could theoretically accelerate valvular wear or myocardial fibrosis. However, the net benefit on cardiac risk (via reduced afterload, resolved sleep apnea, and lipid normalization) likely outweighs this mechanical cost. The risk is specific to “rate-related” aging, while the benefit is “metabolic” rejuvenation.

Question 4: Does the robust insulinotropic effect (GIP/GLP-1) hyper-activate mTORC1, thereby antagonizing longevity?

  • Bayesian Prior (High Probability): Insulin is the primary activator of mTORC1. Chronic mTOR activation inhibits autophagy and accelerates aging. Longevity strategies (Rapamycin, Fasting) aim to lower insulin/mTOR.
  • New Evidence (Likelihood): Retatrutide stimulates insulin secretion acutely (post-prandial). However, systemically, it dramatically improves insulin sensitivity, lowering fastinginsulin and glucose levels significantly.
  • Posterior Probability & Reasoning: Low Probability of Antagonism. The drug creates a pulsatile insulin profile (high when eating, low when fasting) rather than the chronic hyperinsulinemia of obesity. By resolving insulin resistance, it likely lowers total integrated mTOR activation over 24 hours, effectively permitting autophagy during fasting windows.

Question 5: Does Retatrutide create a “Hidden” Sarcopenia masked by the massive fat loss?

  • Bayesian Prior (High Probability): Rapid weight loss induces catabolism. Without anabolic stimulus, muscle protein synthesis drops.
  • New Evidence (Likelihood): DEXA substudies show lean mass loss is proportional (25-30%).
  • Posterior Probability & Reasoning: High Probability (Context Dependent). The risk is not that the drug is “myotoxic,” but that the magnitude of weight loss strips meaningful muscle mass. A 60-year-old losing 20 lbs of muscle along with 60 lbs of fat improves their metabolic health but degrades their functional frailty index. Retatrutide must be paired with resistance training to be safe for longevity.

Question 7: Does the “Anhedonia” effect blunt the benefits of hormetic stressors (Exercise/Socializing)?

  • Bayesian Prior (Moderate Probability): Dopamine drives motivation. GLP-1 receptors in the Nucleus Accumbens regulate reward.
  • New Evidence (Likelihood): Anecdotal reporting of “flatness” and “loss of mojo” is persistent in user communities.
  • Posterior Probability & Reasoning: Moderate-High Probability. By clamping the dopamine reward system to treat food addiction, there is likely a “spillover” effect that blunts the endorphin rush of exercise or the dopaminergic reward of social interaction. This could reduce adherence to the lifestyle pillars of longevity (community, movement) even while solving the metabolic pillar.

Drug Interactions and Polypharmacy in the Longevity Protocol

Longevity specialists often utilize “stacks” of off-label medications. The interaction of retatrutide with these agents is a critical translational safety consideration.

6.1 Retatrutide + Rapamycin (Sirolimus)

  • Mechanism: Rapamycin is an mTORC1 inhibitor used to mimic caloric restriction and enhance autophagy. Retatrutide (via Insulin/GIP) stimulates pathways that can activate mTORC1, but systemically lowers insulin resistance.
  • Interaction Risk: Antagonistic (Muscle) / Synergistic (Metabolic). Rapamycin inhibits protein synthesis. Taking it during the rapid weight loss phase of retatrutide (where catabolism is already high) could severely exacerbate sarcopenia and muscle wasting.
  • Recommendation: Cycle Rapamycin. Avoid rapamycin during the active weight loss phase. Re-introduce it only during the weight maintenance phase, and consider timing it away from resistance training sessions.

6.2 Retatrutide + SGLT2 Inhibitors (e.g., Empagliflozin, Dapagliflozin)

  • Mechanism: SGLT2 inhibitors dump glucose in urine and raise endogenous glucagon. Retatrutide provides exogenous glucagon agonism.
  • Interaction Risk: Euglycemic DKA (High Risk). The dual elevation of glucagon tone (endogenous + exogenous) combined with the glucose-lowering effect could prime the liver for runaway ketogenesis, particularly if the patient is dehydrated or fasting. The insulinotropic effect of retatrutide mitigates this, but the risk is non-zero.
  • Recommendation: Extreme Caution. If combined, monitor blood ketones (beta-hydroxybutyrate). Discontinue SGLT2i 3-4 days before any surgery or high-intensity endurance event.

6.3 Retatrutide + Metformin

  • Mechanism: Metformin activates AMPK and modulates the gut microbiome.
  • Interaction Risk: Gastrointestinal Toxicity (Additive). Both drugs frequently cause diarrhea, nausea, and cramping. Combining them often leads to intolerable GI side effects. Furthermore, the robust glycemic control of retatrutide often makes metformin redundant.
  • Recommendation: Deprescribing. In many patients, retatrutide monotherapy is superior to the combination. Consider tapering metformin to improve GI tolerability.

6.7 Retatrutide + Common Supplements

  • Berberine: Acts similarly to mild metformin (AMPK activator). Risk: GI distress (diarrhea) is additive. Avoid combining with retatrutide during the titration phase.
  • Psyllium Husk / Fiber: Risk: Reduced efficacy/Severe constipation. Because retatrutide slows gastric emptying, adding bulk-forming fiber without massive water intake can lead to bezoar formation or impaction. Recommendation: Use caution; ensure hyper-hydration.
  • Creatine Monohydrate: Benefit: Highly recommended. Helps preserve intracellular water and muscle mass during the rapid weight loss phase.

Full Gemini Analysis here: https://gemini.google.com/share/249943f31891

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And of course, we should compare any new drug to other drugs in the same category:

Table 3: Comparative Efficacy and Safety Profile (Retatrutide vs. Tirzepatide vs. Semaglutide)

Feature Semaglutide 2.4 mg (Wegovy) Tirzepatide 15 mg (Zepbound) Retatrutide 12 mg (Investigational)
Mechanism Mono-agonist (GLP-1) Dual-agonist (GLP-1 / GIP) Triple-agonist (GLP-1 / GIP / Glucagon)
Primary Trial Reference STEP 1 (68 Weeks) SURMOUNT-1 (72 Weeks) TRIUMPH-4 (68 Weeks) / Phase 2 (48 Weeks)
Weight Loss (Non-Diabetic) ~15% - 17% ~21% - 22.9% ~24% (Phase 2) / 28.7% (TRIUMPH-4)1
% Achieving >20% Loss ~30% ~57% - 63% ~64% - 82% (est. from Phase 2/3)
HbA1c Reduction (T2D) ~1.6% - 1.8% ~2.0% - 2.3% ~2.0% - 2.2% (Phase 2)
Resting Heart Rate Impact +1 to 4 bpm +2 to 6 bpm +5.6 to 6.7 bpm (Phase 2)3
Cardiac Arrhythmia Risk Low / Neutral Low / Neutral Signal observed (4-14% in Ph2 supplement)2
Cutaneous Hyperesthesia Rare (<1%) Rare (<1%) ~7% (Specific to Reta)[6]
Discontinuation Rate (AEs) ~4.5% - 7% ~4% - 7% 6% - 16% (Phase 2)2 / 18.2%(TRIUMPH-4 12mg)
Primary Adverse Events Nausea, Diarrhea Nausea, Diarrhea Nausea, Diarrhea, Skin Sensitivity, Palpitations
Liver Fat Reduction Significant Robust Near-total resolution (>80-85%)5
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This is actually a really good point I hadn’t thought of, specific to psyllium since it’s really the only bulk-forming fiber that is minimally fermented by colon microflora.

Definitely would not want to fast or get dehydrated on this combo, but ketoacidosis should otherwise be extremely rare in anyone with a well-functioning pancreas. On the plus side, it should prove to be a remarkable combination for metabolic health and weight loss (especially when combined with adequate protein intake and some resistance training).

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I don’t know what can be done either to stop them from selling. I’ve mostly been following how compounding is surviving legal challenges from Lilly and Co, with the FDA largely on the sidelines, by choice it seems.

The most impactful legislation will come from the states. Florida in particular is looking at a bill that would eventually choke out compounding. This is notable because a lot of the big pharmacies are in FL.

On the research only side, I’m more worried about more intense scrutiny. But that is also part of the game

That was excellent. I read the whole thing.

The cardiac implications (rise in RHR) do concern me a bit, but I view the overall impact (BP lower, Apo-B way down) as a net positive for cardiovascular health.

I’ve never noticed any odd heart sensations, if I hadn’t measured RHR with an oura ring I wouldn’t have even known it increased.

I do take 6g taurine per day. I find it goes nicely to balance the sympathetic tone increase of Reta.

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And interestingly, there was zero mention of cardiac arrhythmias in the top line phase 3 retatrutide data recently announced by Eli Lilly, so I take that as a very hopeful sign since there would be a LOT of pissed off investors if there were something significant that was purposely left out once the full data are released in a couple of months.

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It seems to me that the anecdotes online seem to report higher resting heart rate increases from Reta than the studies seem to indicate (which say around 6bpm)

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yeah, in my case has been more like 10-13 from Tirze and Reta, from 60-63 to 72-73, no other side effects though.

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More like 15bpm for me and that’s only with 2mg per week. It sucks but I still think the good outweighs the bad.

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Surprisingly I never got a difference based on the dose. Once I started at 2.5mg my rate went +10-+13 and stayed there through all other doses. So It doesn’t seem to be dose dependent (at least in my case)

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Same. It’s been a constant 10-15bpm from 2mg to 8-10mg.

It does go back down when you cycle off. But it took a solid 5-6 weeks before I hit baseline.

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I didn’t either. Whether I use 2 or 3mg, no difference.

Have you tried tirzepatide and if so did it cause this?

No I haven’t. I would be curious to know if that has less of an impact though. Have you?