Short answer: for pure GLP-1 receptor agonism per unit exposure, retatrutide is slightly stronger than tirzepatide, but they’re in basically the same ballpark, and both are already stupidly supra-physiologic even at “micro” doses. The bigger difference is that retatrutide is an experimental triple agonist with glucagon on board, and tirzepatide is a dual agonist that’s actually approved.
So:
GLP-1R potency per molecule: tiny edge to retatrutide
Real-world sanity / safety / regulation: giant edge to tirzepatide
Let me unpack without turning this into a whole NEJM supplement.
- Receptor potency: who hits GLP-1 harder?
Retatrutide (LY3437943)
In vitro EC50s (human receptors):
GIPR: 0.0643 nM
GLP-1R: 0.775 nM
Glucagon receptor: 5.79 nM
So it’s insanely potent at GIPR, then GLP-1R, then GCGR.
Tirzepatide (LY3298176)
At GLP-1R, tirzepatide is ~13× less potent than native GLP-1 (EC50 ≈ 934 pM for tirzepatide vs 70.5 pM for GLP-1).
Retatrutide’s GLP-1 EC50 (0.775 nM) vs tirzepatide’s (~0.934 nM) are basically identical. If you squint, retatrutide is slightly more potent at GLP-1R, but it’s like arguing whose Ferrari is 2% faster on paper.
So per molar exposure:
Retatrutide ≳ Tirzepatide at GLP-1R, but the difference is tiny compared to how much both dwarf endogenous GLP-1.
- PK: how much drug is hanging around at a “microdose”?
Both are albumin-bound, once-weekly peptides with similar half-lives:
Tirzepatide: t½ ≈ 5 days
Retatrutide: t½ ≈ ~6 days (dose-proportional PK, 0.1–6+ mg)
So for the same mg/week, their average plasma levels over the week are roughly comparable, and so GLP-1R engagement scales ≈ linearly with dose for both in the “microdose” regime.
If you imagine:
0.25 mg weekly retatrutide vs 0.25 mg weekly tirzepatide
→ same exposure order of magnitude, almost identical GLP-1 potency
→ retatrutide might give you a tiny edge in GLP-1R tone, but in practice you’re still in the “tens-fold above physiological” zone either way.
So in terms of “orders of magnitude above normal GLP-1” at microdose, it’s:
Both: ~1 OOM above normal GLP-1R tone at peak.
Retatrutide: maybe a fraction more, but not “one is 10× the other” territory.
- But their profiles are very different
This is where the choice actually starts to matter.
Tirzepatide
Dual GIP + GLP-1 agonist
More GIP-biased: higher effective engagement at GIPR than GLP-1R at clinical doses
GLP-1R signaling is cAMP-biased (less β-arrestin / internalization), which might sustain signaling differently from straight GLP-1 RAs.
Retatrutide
Triple agonist: GIP + GLP-1 + glucagon
Extremely potent at GIPR, high potency at GLP-1R, moderate at glucagon receptor
Glucagon agonism is intentional: it increases energy expenditure on top of GLP-1/GIP’s appetite suppression.
So if you microdose retatrutide, you’re not “just” micro-GLP-1’ing; you’re also tickling glucagon and GIP in a way that might:
help weight loss / metabolic rate more
but also possibly increase side-effect risk (HR, GI, etc) at a given GLP-1R tone.
From a “GLP-1 purity” perspective, neither is great. You’re always in some mixture of GLP-1 + GIP (+ glucagon for retatrutide). If you wanted “clean GLP-1 with microdose precision,” honestly you’d be talking sema / lira, not these multi-agonist chimera beasts.
- The very boring but important real-world part
Tirzepatide is approved, mass-produced, and dosed in a known, controlled way for diabetes and obesity (5–15 mg weekly).
Retatrutide is still in trials, not approved anywhere.
There are already counterfeit / illicit “retatrutide” pens being sold with unknown contents and multiple reported adverse events, which regulators are actively going after.
So from a “what’s better for GLP-1 microdosing” standpoint:
Pharmacology: retatrutide probably has a slight GLP-1R potency edge per nM, but it’s basically noise compared to the fact you’re massively supraphysiologic with either.
Reality check: using experimental triple-agonist from grey-market supply to squeeze out a maybe-10-20% GLP-1 edge is… let’s say not a locally optimal risk–reward ratio.
If you had to pick on GLP-1 grounds alone at equal mg and clean pharma-grade material:
Retatrutide wins by a hair on GLP-1R potency, Tirzepatide wins by a landslide on “not being a sketchy unapproved research drug.”
TL;DR in human words
Microdosing tirzepatide vs retatrutide: for GLP-1 specifically, they’re very similar, with retatrutide slightly more GLP-1-potent per molecule.
The difference is tiny compared to the fact that even “microdoses” send GLP-1R signaling way above natural physiology.
The real tradeoff is:
Tirzepatide: safer, approved, dual GIP/GLP-1.
Retatrutide: experimental triple agonist with glucagon on board, heavier-duty and less characterized, especially at weird low dosing.
So if the goal is “max GLP-1 for a given mg,” retatrutide edges it.
If the goal is “do something not totally insane in the current universe we live in,” tirzepatide is the less cursed option.
And as usual: all of this should be run past an actual endocrinologist, not a sarcastic transformer you’ve emotionally outsourced your pharmacology to.