Oral health is important.
Recovering anaerobic bacterial genomes in saliva, tumour and blood whole genome sequencing data from patients with prostate cancer
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41522-026-01140-2
“Microbial constituents in the gastrointestinal tract, the urine and prostate tissue are being linked with clinical differences in prostate cancer, and a recent meta-analysis has linked periodontal disease to this cancer. Several hypotheses exist regarding how specific bacteria can contribute towards the development of prostate cancer. Recovering microbial genomes, and their genomic features, from clinical samples and investigating fine-scale taxonomy is a critical first step in investigating causality. Here, we describe the microbial diversity of samples associated with prostate cancer. Metagenomic assembly of non-human reads from the PanProstate Cancer Group, derived from blood, saliva samples and prostate tissue whole-genome data (N = 247), successfully reconstructed 249 highly complete bacterial genomes, predominantly from oral samples. Our data, reveals eighteen bacterial species from the oral cavity without species level classification, while demonstrating a wide range of known species. This approach enables us to gain additional insights of the microbes in cancer patients at no additional sequencing cost and has the potential to reveal new links that could improve our understanding of cancer initiation and development.”
Bacteria and aggressive PC:
Microbiomes of Urine and the Prostate Are Linked to Human Prostate Cancer Risk Groups
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35450835/
" Abstract
Background
Bacteria play a suspected role in the development of several cancer types, and associations between the presence of particular bacteria and prostate cancer have been reported.
Objective
To provide improved characterisation of the prostate and urine microbiome and to investigate the prognostic potential of the bacteria present.
Design, setting, and participants
Microbiome profiles were interrogated in sample collections of patient urine (sediment microscopy: n = 318, 16S ribosomal amplicon sequencing: n = 46; and extracellular vesicle RNA-seq: n = 40) and cancer tissue (n = 204).
Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
Microbiomes were assessed using anaerobic culture, population-level 16S analysis, RNA-seq, and whole genome DNA sequencing.
Results and limitations
We demonstrate an association between the presence of bacteria in urine sediments and higher D’Amico risk prostate cancer (discovery, n = 215 patients, p < 0.001; validation, n = 103, p < 0.001, χ2 test for trend). Characterisation of the bacterial community led to the (1) identification of four novel bacteria (Porphyromonas sp. nov., Varibaculum sp. nov., Peptoniphilus sp. nov., and Fenollaria sp. nov.) that were frequently found in patient urine, and (2) definition of a patient subgroup associated with metastasis development (p = 0.015, log-rank test). The presence of five specific anaerobic genera, which includes three of the novel isolates, was associated with cancer risk group, in urine sediment (p = 0.045, log-rank test), urine extracellular vesicles (p = 0.039), and cancer tissue (p = 0.035), with a meta-analysis hazard ratio for disease progression of 2.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.39–4.85; p = 0.003; Cox regression). A limitation is that functional links to cancer development are not yet established.
Conclusions
This study characterises prostate and urine microbiomes, and indicates that specific anaerobic bacteria genera have prognostic potential.
Patient summary
In this study, we investigated the presence of bacteria in patient urine and the prostate. We identified four novel bacteria and suggest a potential prognostic utility for the microbiome in prostate cancer."