Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Effects of α-Ketoglutarate in Burn Injuries: A Systematic Review
https://academic.oup.com/jbcr/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jbcr/irag002/8417200
Authors are from the University of Heidelberg, part of the medical faculty.
Fifteen studies published between 1984 and 2024 met inclusion criteria, including clinical, animal, and mechanistic work, most conducted in France. Across studies, OKG supplementation replenished glutamine and arginine pools, improved nitrogen balance, preserved muscle mass, and promoted wound healing through enhanced collagen synthesis and immune modulation. Clinical data confirmed improved nitrogen retention, reduced muscle breakdown, and faster wound closure. Preclinical studies further showed that α-KG preconditioning enhances stem cell–driven regeneration and vascularization. Additional effects, such as improved glucose tolerance and hepatic enzyme preservation, suggest some benefits occur independently of glutamine pathways.
This review highlights α-KG and OKG as promising adjuncts to enhance metabolic recovery, wound repair, and immune competence after burns. Evidence supports improved nitrogen balance and healing, but findings remain limited by heterogeneity and small cohorts, warranting renewed and well-powered studies.