Come to think about it, mammalian female’s immune system is charged with dual mandate of not only to prevent rejection of the fetus during pregnancy (which is only half as identical) but also fight the pathogens. It needs resilience and astute skills of armor and ammo.
The flip side is women also are on the short end of the autoimmune stick. Roughly 80% of people with autoimmune diseases are female. Lupus, in particular, affects women about nine times more often than men, especially during their reproductive years.
That’s not some cosmic coincidence; it’s tied to same hormonal and genetic factors:
Estrogen tends to ramp up immune activity, while testosterone suppresses it. So women’s immune systems are both more reactive and more likely to overreact.
X chromosomes carry several immune-related genes. Since women have two, even random skewing in X-chromosome inactivation can mean higher odds of immune misfires.