"Why Aging Comes in Dramatic Waves in Our 40s and 60s"

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This is extremely important for uncovering (and then treating) the proximate and distal (direct and indirect) determinants of ageing.

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A bit more on the topic of spike aging at 44 and early 60’s.

This might explain why rapamycin works with certain groups under the age of 60 better.

The same would hold you for people under 40 getting a longer golden period of life.

Could you elaborate how this information could be used to better understand mechanism?

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Sure.
The study tracks changes in molecules and microbes through a life course. It notes two dramatic (in aggregate) times when changes happen. Around 40 and 60.

I was envisaging something like:
To get proximate (immediate or direct) causes: β€œHow does the loss of the production of these molecules or microbes result in aging?”
To get the distal (indirect) causes: β€œWhat is the reason for the inability to produce these molecules or for the loss of these microbes?”

I think that answering those two research questions would be a very fruitful areas for longevity studies.

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