We finally know why men dont live as long as women (ScienceFocus)

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Lowering birth rates is worrying if this is the cause

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The use of estriol (the pregnancy hormone) or 17 alpha estradiol can make up for the lifespan difference in mice though, so it does appear likely that the evolutionary activation of pro-lifespan traits (particularly like those evolved to be activated in pregnancy) can be done to a large part hormonally. I asked chatGPT to givemajor effects that estriol can have through various pathways:

Axis Mechanism Possible subjective correlate
ER-β → Nrf2/FOXO3A antioxidant and stress-response genes, mitochondrial efficiency sense of calm and clarity after hyperarousal fades
ER-β → eNOS nitric-oxide synthesis, vasodilation warmth, relief of vascular tension
ER-β → oxytocin / vasopressin modulation social soothing, safety signaling reduced urge to fight/compete, gentler self-talk
ER-α inhibition (partial antagonism by E3) dampens aggressive/anabolic cues less “prove-my-worth” drive, more maintenance mindset
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