Does it depend on “vulnerable” bonds (eg sulfur, double bonds, possibly nitrogen)? Are antioxidants more vulnerable? Are complex molecules more vulnerable?
Including periods of time when it’s 88F
I guess it stores better than antioxidants do bc antioxidants are very easily oxidized. Or anything with free N or S groups or lots of double bonds…
My guess is also that modafinil does not store as well as, say, amphetamine. Modafinil sulfone is def an oxidation byproduct
I don’t worry about this issue at all for the medications I take (common medications, including rapamycin), but it might be an issue for some supplements and biological drugs.
The Harvard Medical School republished a well-worn article in August that recounted a 1985 study in which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) looked to pinpoint expiration dates for more than 100 drugs in an effort to unburden the U.S. military from some of the exorbitant annual costs of replacing its pharmaceuticals.
The study showed that 90 per cent of more than 100 drugs, both prescription and over-the-counter, were fine to use well after expiry dates had passed, and in some cases more than 15 years after the expiration date had come and gone.
That being as it may, the Canadian Pharmacists Association says drug manufacturers can only guarantee the potency and safety of the various drugs until the labelled expiry date.
“Beyond that date, we don’t know what happens, we don’t know if it is still effective, we don’t know if it is potentially toxic,” said Jill Hall, a pharmacist and clinical associate professor in the University of Alberta’s Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
Practically speaking, Hall said there is a handful of drugs known to degrade quite quickly, such as nitroglycerin tablets, insulin and tetracycline, an antibiotic that may become toxic to the kidneys after it expires.
https://www.ualberta.ca/folio/2018/10/can-i-still-use-prescription-drugs-after-they-expire.html
Rapamycin is way way more complex than most drugs though, there are so many potentially vulnerable bonds that could be attacked by oxidation
Is dry room temp better than refrigerator for long term storage? Or something else?
#shelf-life
Why metformin tablets suck water out of the air so eagerly — and why Adderall usually doesn’t
Chemical reasons
Dynamic-vapour-sorption studies show weight gains of 10-15 % after 48 h at 75 % RH, and tablet assays stored at 40 °C/75 % RH fall below 95 % label in a few months if the pack is not moisture-tight. (IJPPR, Acta Pharmaceutica) Even FDA stability files flag the drug substance as “hygroscopic,” with long-term stability contingent on sealed HDPE or blisters plus desiccant. (FDA Access Data)
Practical takeaway: keep the cotton and desiccant, recap tightly, and don’t stock-pile un-blistered tablets in a pill sorter for weeks.
Result: ordinary humidity seldom changes assay or release rate; the bigger risks to Adderall are heat-accelerated racemization and capsule shell softening, not chemical hydrolysis.
| Property | Metformin HCl | Amphetamine sulfate (Adderall) |
|---|---|---|
| Water uptake at 80 % RH (24–48 h) | 10–15 % (very hygroscopic) | ≤2 % (slightly hygroscopic) |
| Crystal change on hydration | Forms stable monohydrate | No new hydrate formed (already hydrated or anhydrous stays anhydrous) |
| Packaging needed | HDPE + desiccant or foil blisters | Standard HDPE bottle or gelatin/HPMC capsules |
| Typical problems if left open | Tablet swelling, friability, minor assay drift, XR failure | Capsule softening; negligible potency loss |
disclaimer: am NOT using thinking mode here except for the last answer here [but this is all a good first-pass approximation for ALL storage supplementation]
love this question — macrocycles are a huge, quirky family. here’s the deep dive on why big rings like rapamycin behave very differently from “rock-solid” alkaloids, and how other macrocycles compare.
how macrocycles age (chemically)
Big rings pack lots of functional groups into a flexible scaffold. That gives potency and selectivity… and more ways to fall apart:
lactone/lactam cleavage (hydrolysis/trans-esterification)
- any ester in a ring (macrolides like rapamycin, tacrolimus, erythromycin) can be opened by water (acid/base catalysis) or exchanged by alcohols.
- rule: fastest in strong acid/strong base; slowest in the mildly acidic–neutral zone (~pH 4–6), and at low water activity.
oxidation of double bonds and allylic sites
- conjugated dienes/trienes (rapamycin has them) are magnetized for peroxides/epoxides under O₂, light, and heat. trace metals accelerate this.
photo-isomerization / photolysis
- long polyenes (amphotericin B, some macrolides) E↔Z isomerize or form photoproducts under light. amber glass matters.
acetal/hemiketal rearrangements
- macrolides often carry hemi-ketals/acetals; they equilibrate or decompose (erythromycin in acid → “anhydro/hemiketal” artifacts, hence enteric coatings).
epimerization at acidic α-carbons
- β-hydroxy-ketone/β-diketone motifs can invert stereocenters via enol/enolate pathways (temperature and pH dependent).
solid-state mobility
- amorphous or partially crystalline macrocycles degrade faster than tight crystals. keeping them dry and cold (below glass-transition) slows everything.
- Q10 ≈ 2–3: every +10 °C roughly doubles–triples many degradation rates.
rapamycin vs other macrocycles (what to expect)
rapamycin (sirolimus) – 31-member macrolactone with multiple double bonds and a hemiketal
- what degrades it: lactone hydrolysis; oxidation of the polyenes; light.
- stable when: dry solid, dark, freezer (–20 °C) → years. capsules at RT in blister + desiccant → typical pharm shelf life ~2–3 y.
- avoid: aqueous buffers, heat, light, repeated warm–cold cycling; long time in alcohol/water mixes (trans-esterification risk).
tacrolimus (FK-506) – 23-member macrolactone, similar liabilities
- pattern: very light/heat sensitive in solution; ointments are protected by anhydrous bases & opaque tubes.
- store: room temp, dry, dark; solutions at ≤–20 °C, aliquoted.
erythromycin/clarithromycin/azithromycin – 14–15-member macrolides with sugars
- erythromycin A: acid-labile (gastric acid forms 6,9-hemiketal/anhydro species) → needs enteric coating; humid heat also cleaves glycosides.
- clarithromycin: O-methyl “armoring” → more acid-stable.
- azithromycin (azalide): ring nitrogen insertion → best acid stability of the trio.
- theme: still sensitive to light/ moisture; dry solids last years; solutions are short-lived.
cyclosporine – cyclic undecapeptide (macrocyclic peptide, no lactone)
- surprisingly stable: N-methyl amides are sterically shielded; main risks are oxidation at the unusual MeBmt residue and slow isomerizations.
- formulation: oily/ emulsions; RT storage is fine. among macrocycles, more robust than macrolactones.
amphotericin B / nystatin – polyene macrolides (lots of conjugated C=C)
- very photolabile/oxidation-prone; protected as lyophilized dark solids at 2–8 °C; aqueous solutions expire quickly.
- takeaway: polyene count ≫ stability.
porphyrins (heme/chlorophyll cores) – macrocycles but a different world
- aromatic, metal-chelated rings are inherently robust; instability usually comes from side chains or the central metal (e.g., Mg loss in chlorophyll → pheophytin).
- shows macrocycles aren’t intrinsically fragile—functional groups decide.
practical stability rules you can use (macrocycles)
- dry, dark, cold, closed. if you remember one line, that’s it.
- prefer solids over solutions. if you must keep solutions: aliquot + freeze (–20 °C), use inert solvents (DMSO/EtOH), exclude water, nitrogen/argon headspace if possible.
- control pH & water. for macrolactones, avoid extremes; aim ~pH 4–6 and low water activity.
- kill metal-catalyzed oxidation. chelators (EDTA), oxygen scavengers, and antioxidants (BHT/BHA/ascorbyl palmitate) in non-aqueous systems can help.
- don’t “pump the headspace.” frequent warm-air ingress adds moisture + O₂; use small, single-use packs.
- packaging matters: blister + desiccant, amber glass, aluminum tubes for ointments, foil overwrap for long storage.
where rapamycin lands on the stability ladder
Most stable → least stable (dry, sealed, dark):
cyclic peptides (cyclosporine) ≳ azithro/clarithro ≳ rapamycin ≈ tacrolimus » erythromycin (acid) » polyene macrolides (ampho B)…and versus small molecules: alkaloids (berberine/quinine) ≫ flavonoids ≈ rapa/tacro ≫ carotenoids ≫ reactive sulfur (allicin).
quick “what do i actually do?” cheatsheet (for long-term stash)
- rapamycin/tacrolimus: keep as finished capsules/ointment in original packaging; for research solids, –20 °C, desiccant, amber, aliquot.
- solutions: DMSO/EtOH stocks at –20 °C, foil-wrapped, small aliquots; avoid water; use within months once thawed.
- macrolide antibiotics: intact blisters at RT (dry, dark). avoid bathroom/kitchen humidity; don’t decant into weekly pillboxes long-term.
- cyclosporine: RT is fine; protect from light; emulsions per label.
- polyene macrolides: fridge (or per label), strict light protection; make fresh solutions.
if you want, tell me what form you actually have (capsules? powder? solution?) and i’ll give you a storage plan with target lifetime (e.g., “good for 2–3 y at RT / 5+ y at –20 °C”) and a degradation watchlist tailored to that form.
Rapamycin (sirolimus): where strain does matter
Macrocycle with many labile motifs. Rapamycin is a 31‑membered macrolactone–lactam with several conjugated alkenes. Macrocycles carry torsional and transannular strain and lots of conformational freedom; here, the functional groups (lactone, allylic alcohols, multiple C=C) give the molecule several “weak spots.” It is chemically fragile in water—subject to hydrolysis, base‑catalyzed degradation, autoxidation, and isomerization under relatively mild conditions. That lability is repeatedly documented in stability studies.
Bottom line: in rapamycin, conformational (macrocyclic) strain + many oxidizable/cleavable sites correlate with lower bench stability (careful handling, protected from light/oxygen/pH extremes).
[chatgpt-pro]
I had a look at the initial issue and concluded that Rapamycin dissolved in DMSO should be refridgerated, but it is best to keep the old stock of Rapa in the fridge. I now have a normal cycle of taking a large dose every 6 weeks or so, but lots of things can derail this strategy. I currently have enough for four more large doses and I remain slightly concerned as to having a government in the UK as nuts on these things as Trump 2.0 and causing problems importing molecules for ones own use.
I have been using Musely face serum that contains rapa.
Originally, the instructions were to refrigerate it, but then I received a mass email from them that after studying it, they have discovered it does not need refrigeration.
Active ingredients:
Here are the inactive ingredients:
The Cell Repair Serum:
Fwiw, I received the same information about their hair serum… refrigerate, but then later told it’s not needed.
Key ingredients include:
Do you think they could be wrong?
Keep in mind that “refrigerate” is a broad term. If not in a temperature controlled environment, meds could be subject to wild swings in temperature which can be problematic, or prolonged heat etc. I’m in SoCal (you’re NorCal?), so my meds are in a fridge. Wine coolers are also good for meds to be kept at a steady lowish room temp. That’s where I’d keep my meds regardless of what it says on the label. You want steady lowish temps, dark, dry and no air flow (oxygen). I keep all meds in the original packaging and put them in airtight boxes and plastic, and throw in dessicants into each one: dryndry.com
Good memory… but in Central CA (close enough!).
I’ve never considered putting them in additional boxes, so I’ll do that. Do you put the dessicants into the storage boxes or the actual pill bottles? And thx for the brand rec.
Do you also follow the same guidance for supplements (not the ones you are using in the current month)
I currently have my multi year stock of medicines in the wine cooler. Tons of room considering we barely drink anymore!
I currently keep most things in large cabinets in my bathroom (note: I don’t have a steamy bathroom).
Just in the box is good enough with dessicants, just put enough of them in. Supplements should be kept in similar conditions, but I don’t bother with dessicants and boxes. Just wine cooler for the oil containing and/or dissolvable (EPA, vit. D, K, A, lutein/astaxanthin etc.).
There are a couple of wrinkles in practicality. I keep my meds fridge in the basement. Once a month I open it to take out enough meds to last me a month. I then put these meds in a separate airtight black box with dessicants that I keep in my regular refrigerator in the kitchen. So daily, I just open this box to take my meds, without having to keep running up and down to the basement.
running rowan!
Using Rowan as a chemical-stability proxy, not a validated 5-year shelf-life model, and assuming dry + dark + sealed storage:
38 F vs 78 F: amphetamine / modafinil / metformin
- Metformin — most intrinsically stable
- Amphetamine — intermediate
- Modafinil — least stable, biggest benefit from colder storage
Why: Rowan puts modafinil highest in electrophilicity of the three (GEI ~1.38 rerun), amphetamine in the middle (~0.84), and metformin lowest (~0.53) with a very polar/basic scaffold that is less obviously oxidation-prone.
38 F vs 78 F: riboflavin / melatonin / ascorbic acid / plasmalogen / tocopherol / tocotrienol
From least storage-robust at 78 F to most storage-robust:
- Ascorbic acid
- Plasmalogen
- Riboflavin
- Melatonin
- Tocotrienol
- Tocopherol
Practical interpretation:
- Ascorbic acid should benefit the most from 38 F; it is the easiest to lose over multi-year storage.
- Plasmalogen is also high-risk because the vinyl ether / lipid scaffold is oxidation-sensitive.
- Riboflavin is high-risk too, but with one big caveat: in real life it is often more light-sensitive than temperature-sensitive. If light exposure is allowed, move it even higher on the fragility list.
- Melatonin looks moderate.
- Tocotrienol is slightly less stable than tocopherol because of the extra side-chain unsaturation.
- Tocopherol is the most storage-robust of that six-compound set.
Best short summary:
- Cold storage matters most for modafinil, ascorbic acid, plasmalogen, and riboflavin.
- Cold storage matters least for metformin and tocopherol.
Rowan calls rapamycin less stable than ANY of the other molecules i’ve compared (and it calls metformin the MOST stable)
alkaloids are ridiculously stable across time
This is not ground truth, rowan is not perfect, but it’s an interesting first pass
rank_78F_product,compound,basis,status,desc_workflow,fukui_workflow,DescGEI,FukuiGEI,molecular_formula,MW,SLogP,TopoPSA,nRot,nHBAcc,nHBDon,nAcid,nBase,FlexIdx,MolVol,pKa_or_ionization,storage_78F_product_assessment,confidence,notes
1,Metformin,finished_product,completed,f204780f-c4ff-46fe-a614-9872baa6ad58,0.5260, -1.034,“7.58;13.82;16.26;16.42”,best_keeper,medium,biguanide
2,Caffeine,finished_product,completed,1f01a930-9b7f-4271-9e24-d0277c7c8951,995cbc6a-ca45-4bae-860e-665072d19ecf,1.2042,194.080,-1.029,61.820,0,3,0,0,0,0.302,165.776,very_stable,high,xanthine alkaloid
3,Niacinamide,finished_product,completed,faf18e5c-1ce3-4362-9845-449f86a25c40,9686b904-55c5-41f4-a706-63d5a86886ee,1.3688,122.048,0.181,55.980,1,2,1,0,0,0.271,110.224,very_stable,high,vitamin B3 amide
4,Biotin,finished_product,completed,c56ce0ae-a268-4fff-b9f3-da9fab69685d,fa4b5121-fd57-4efc-b62e-3d83bfa39b1b,0.9115,244.088,0.797,103.730,5,3,3,1,0,0.450,214.856,very_stable,high,vitamin B7
5,Pantothenic acid (B5),finished_product,completed,b95c3947-d2c9-405b-8439-acbf7d32f28b,b9c8a240-f5c5-4ee6-bfd6-90778fc8da6a,0.3396,219.111,-1.043,212.959,6,6,5,1,0,0.324,156.336,very_stable,high,vitamin B5
6,Amphetamine,finished_product,completed,0.8435,1.576,“10.27”,very_stable,medium,phenethylamine
7,Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine proxy),finished_product,qualitative_only,very_stable,low,placed near amphetamine
8,2C-I,compound_proxy,completed,0.8295,0.7159,very_stable,medium,iodophenethylamine
9,Concerta proxy (protonated methylphenidate),finished_product,completed,69cd59ec-23b2-4977-940e-80cc462ab94c,af2694db-d07f-44ec-b0a4-9432070ea61d,3.3647,234.149,1.059,49.538,3,2,1,0,1,0.394,229.976,very_stable,medium,protonated proxy
10,Methylphenidate,finished_product,completed,6f0234f4-ecaa-4beb-900f-fbf29dfc3dab,bc3caff2-537e-45ce-982f-4d4d9e74481e,0.9623,233.142,2.085,45.706,3,2,1,0,1,0.428,227.856,very_stable,high,piperidine ester stimulant
11,Pyridoxine,finished_product,completed,a7a2f858-734b-47dd-acf7-bd276d8f3899,6df63c20-cf13-4f79-ac83-ff3d43cdd9ed,1.0708,169.074,0.080,73.580,2,4,3,0,0,0.338,153.072,stable,high,vitamin B6
12,Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol),finished_product,completed,944cde93-538b-41f3-9669-98495ce55b41,58e5cd5a-c818-41c1-bebf-4aa5ddc9eced,1.2212,384.339,7.619,50.697,6,1,1,0,0,0.451,418.952,stable,high,secosteroid
13,Glucosamine,finished_product,completed,f3584e40-44ec-4665-a965-676c37750ed5,c4aab786-f255-40c0-a04e-4efafa3fd5d9,1.7104,179.079,-3.255,201.334,1,3,1,0,1,0.554,154.936,stable,high,amino sugar supplement
14,alpha-Tocopherol,finished_product,completed,0.8231,0.7886,stable,medium,vitamin E chromanol
15,DMT,compound_proxy,completed,0.8919,0.8372,stable,medium,indole amine
16,2C-B,compound_proxy,completed,0.8929,0.8461,stable,medium,bromophenethylamine
17,Bempedoic acid,finished_product,completed,4794869a-6224-45a2-b59a-6f782186fb3f,3cfd41c0-aa62-4fb1-a8b9-fe96c7d6c32f,1.1103,1.1103,344.256,4.470,146.166,14,5,3,2,0,0.584,358.320,stable,high,lipid-lowering prodrug
18,Ezetimibe,finished_product,completed,2f1d2ca8-c426-4929-a41f-c60a5293b65d,0ac51d6c-e2b6-4d29-97ba-b66ec0391f81,1.0549,1.1503,409.149,4.888,38.330,6,3,1,0,0,0.428,227.856,stable,high,sterol absorption inhibitor
19,Empagliflozin,finished_product,completed,d310d69d-c483-442c-b6eb-0bdcddd73f5e,52fd4425-aa81-481b-b9c5-0f1879a9eb5a,1.2145,1.2099,450.145,1.613,108.610,6,7,4,0,0,1.130,392.552,stable,high,SGLT2 inhibitor
20,Rapamycin (sirolimus tablets),finished_product,completed,157f46fc-ea76-42fa-8b57-7dfb355fd8ff,85941a2a-a4d7-4b45-8939-2748a01ccb69,1.8404,913.555,6.181,161.560,6,8,5,0,0,1.916,stable,high,tablets have labeled room-temp storage
21,Aspirin,finished_product,completed,0a1a74c6-e32a-4c35-90a7-66a360577dd6,f32c9642-08b3-4402-9789-010aaad4bc5f,2.2685,180.042,1.310,124.955,2,1,1,1,0,0.610,341.880,stable,high,tablet product but hydrolysis-prone API
22,Folic acid,finished_product,completed,a61553d0-84f9-457d-b548-7a93e049848c,bc79ab6a-263a-4797-a001-134f0d384a26,1.9065,441.140,-0.045,213.280,9,9,6,2,0,1.525,367.088,moderate,high,vitamin B9
23,Berberine,finished_product,completed,7b42288b-d284-4ff2-87ef-5eda70e3f0eb,9fe2e72b-99c3-4a3c-bd99-828063b5baf8,5.6322,336.123,3.079,103.044,1,6,0,0,1,0.618,292.040,moderate,high,quaternary isoquinolinium supplement
24,Thiamine,finished_product,completed,afa9bcc3-2e4b-4861-81ce-d48d22399948,5dca5818-7522-42e3-bf68-19d24b118c35,1.2924,300.081,2.052,100.570,4,8,5,0,0,0.940,257.880,moderate,medium,vitamin B1
25,Melatonin,finished_product,completed,542b024d-e90a-4434-a872-2707654cdf86,1679243c-34cb-4815-a567-080c669433f3,1.0491,1.0437,232.121,1.855,54.120,4,2,2,0,0,0.429,218.928,moderate,high,indole amide
26,Nicotine,compound_proxy,completed,77388bd4-650e-4e8c-af52-9a5a2b31cc52,32fdd6e1-87e1-4a2a-b0f6-7847e596c0d3,0.8832,162.116,1.848,16.130,1,2,0,0,1,0.207,164.256,moderate,high,volatility/oxidation practical liabilities
27,Cocaine,compound_proxy,completed,265217d4-efeb-4970-a32e-cbd493b752a1,1b949d2e-82d4-488b-867f-8baefbd80799,1.4179,303.147,1.868,61.682,3,1,0,0,1,0.560,279.992,moderate,high,tropane diester
28,Apigenin,compound_proxy,completed,32128735-561d-4d5d-b86a-65cbecb81dd6,f630f70e-c303-4a00-acf7-13a231c8b4bd,1.8286,1.8862,270.053,2.577,94.830,1,5,3,0,0,0.747,222.568,moderate_poor,high,flavone
29,alpha-Tocotrienol,finished_product,completed,1.1063,0.9909,moderate_poor,medium,unsaturated vitamin E tail
30,LSD,compound_proxy,completed,1.1876,1.0950,moderate_poor,medium,light/acid sensitive in practice
31,Psilocybin,compound_proxy,completed,1.0264,0.8812,moderate_poor,medium,phosphate ester
32,Canagliflozin,finished_product,completed,da1f7d92-1aba-4b83-a01c-d0eeec16500b,025e2c05-7b31-453f-a348-9195f81997ba,1.4944,1.4673,444.141,2.968,118.390,5,6,4,0,0,1.134,386.552,moderate_poor,high,SGLT2 inhibitor
33,Modafinil,finished_product,completed,e5c9684c-4741-4a1b-8182-0291797ea2c7,1.3763,2.010,“acid 14.635; base -3.278”,moderate_poor,medium,sulfoxide amide
34,Retinoic acid (tretinoin reference),finished_product,completed,20927e66-60df-4c48-b662-cbb9ad99645e,c2f6d294-13fb-4545-ad9d-b3b1057e6298,2.2685,2.4390,326.225,6.159,107.941,6,1,1,1,0,375.837,poor,high,polyene retinoid
35,Oleic acid,raw_compound_proxy,completed,b7d39df4-e588-411b-9e5b-c560f45eda86,d7ec7eed-a579-4cdf-baa8-b85e502953e0,1.0550,0.8583,282.256,6.109,37.300,15,1,1,1,0,0.704,317.856,poor,high,MUFA fatty acid
36,Olive oil proxy (Triolein),oil_proxy,completed,f920c995-06fa-473a-8440-4e0bf6f5217b,09c6863f-5bac-4893-a6fd-79b1475f28e9,1.3722,1.2592,884.783,18.097,78.900,50,6,0,0,0,2.520,979.952,poor,high,bulk olive oil proxy
37,Vitamin A (retinol),finished_product,completed,68527a8d-fbd1-49cb-886a-58ac77872d8d,a8dc0445-fd2f-4660-8b5c-01be5fe0d66d,1.6822,286.230,5.510,50.726,5,1,1,0,0,0.446,312.360,poor,high,polyene alcohol
38,Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone),finished_product,completed,ef98401c-2249-4bad-9f1e-c942c45f22c4,ab0cdbf1-7e01-41e6-add6-b6278b121c49,2.7275,450.350,9.158,60.699,14,2,0,0,0,0.796,481.968,poor,high,quinone vitamin
39,EPA,raw_compound_proxy,completed,5cd017d2-ef44-45cc-94a6-328df4f83402,02b2ff8f-0664-4074-9caf-9e7f4e046cbc,1.2815,1.1708,302.225,5.993,37.300,13,1,1,1,0,1.015,327.392,poor,high,omega-3 PUFA
40,DHA,raw_compound_proxy,completed,fab88f61-5d3d-4bec-b2f1-c995a08857c8,3384fb2f-654d-460b-a773-b7c071a02d97,1.2959,1.2451,328.240,6.549,37.300,14,1,1,1,0,1.158,355.408,poor,high,omega-3 PUFA
41,Ubiquinol-10,raw_compound_proxy,failed,b01ea79a-faba-48c8-8f35-e5867e4b8988,96388d35-aa8e-424f-8d30-2881505a4a09,poor,low,failed clean Rowan optimization
42,Riboflavin,finished_product,completed,4aff668d-cf95-4113-8b3f-75e567d40e24,cf573b6f-8cd5-4ad4-a0e0-e33f21215d10,2.6169,376.138,-1.724,195.430,5,13,3,1.916,poor,high,especially poor if light exposed
43,Ascorbic acid,finished_product,qualitative_only,poor,medium,reducing antioxidant
44,Phytoene,raw_compound_proxy,completed,62646b62-883e-41b0-8079-de30882bc758,c758b77e-454a-49df-a507-6469e91d35fe,1.4188,1.3510,C40H64,544.501,13.834,0.000,20,0,0,0,0,1.175,625.696,poor,high,carotenoid precursor
45,Phytofluene,raw_compound_proxy,completed,a17b0e77-1d69-48fe-b1a1-0d2ff1a488e0,bb1709cb-245f-4074-b874-e443636ca531,1.6979,1.7252,C40H62,542.485,13.610,0.000,19,0,0,0,0,1.215,619.272,poor,high,carotenoid precursor
46,Lutein,raw_compound_proxy,completed,2.4511,2.6915,568.890,poor,medium,xanthophyll carotenoid
47,Zeaxanthin,raw_compound_proxy,completed,2.5428,2.8094,568.890,poor,medium,xanthophyll carotenoid
48,Lycopene,raw_compound_proxy,completed,60eb9ad3-64de-45b8-8862-1f94b070f083,d4cd5530-e193-4ac6-b5b9-fc5277856229,2.5544,2.8443,C40H56,536.438,12.938,0.000,16,0,0,0,0,1.355,600.976,very_poor,high,polyene carotenoid
49,Capsanthin,raw_compound_proxy,completed,3b1a4a88-4d06-4e51-91a7-6538421a3dd5,540fc987-3dfd-4108-8501-9302222238f7,2.8203,3.2988,C40H56O3,584.423,9.806,57.530,11,3,2,0,0,1.021,614.800,very_poor,high,oxygenated carotenoid
50,Bixin,raw_compound_proxy,completed,172a5030-eaf4-4107-a68e-9ba645297d4e,4b721483-de11-43b7-b7ce-fbe4d15a1ee2,3.0985,3.4945,C25H30O4,394.214,5.810,63.600,10,3,1,1,0,1.377,398.224,very_poor,high,apocarotenoid ester
51,Capsorubin,raw_compound_proxy,completed,46441c9e-2e5b-4226-8cf6-ed2fe6be03fe,ef65dac2-183b-49c8-80d9-ad78f222d7a9,3.2697,3.5082,C40H56O4,600.418,9.065,74.600,12,4,2,0,0,1.039,623.320,very_poor,high,oxygenated carotenoid
52,Crocin,raw_compound_proxy,completed,ff187352-67c6-42c2-828e-009a259e5b71,a3b3b4b7-4b54-40dc-8d1e-63af4d2a2634,3.0491,3.6854,C44H64O24,976.379,-5.225,391.200,18,24,14,0,0,3.003,853.184,very_poor,high,glycosylated apocarotenoid
53,Plasmalogen,raw_compound_proxy,qualitative_only,worst_keeper,medium,vinyl ether oxidation liability
,Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin),unresolved,failed,unresolved,low,Rowan submission failed cleanly
