Surprising that Vitamin C lowers multimorbidity risk. Protein, calories, B12 and D3 raise the risk.
Or alternatively people with multimorbidities are more likely to take supplements because they think the supplements will be helpful.
I think they were looking at dietary intake. Unfortunately this “study” looks pretty useless to me. The sources of B12 and D and Protein are critically important, as they can come from horribly unhealthy foods. We also have no idea on actual serum levels, which we know on B12 and D that deficiency is associated with adverse outcomes.
This study is noise and confusion and doesn’t actually demonstrate anything, except for the impact of poor study design to paint a confusing picture that further makes individuals scratch their heads and presume that nothing is known about nutrition.
There are so many examples of this in nutrition research, where the public reporting of the study fails to contextualize how the study was done and why it actually doesn’t show anything useful, but might seem to …
That’s my take on this one.