The gut virome in association with the bacteriome in gastrointestinal diseases and beyond: roles, mechanisms, and clinical applications
https://academic.oup.com/pcm/article/8/2/pbaf010/8152264
“The gut virome, an essential component of the intestinal microbiome, constitutes ∼0.1% of the total microbial biomass but contains a far greater number of particles than bacteria, with phages making up 90%–95% of this virome. This review systematically examines the developmental patterns of the gut virome, focusing on factors influencing its composition, including diet, environment, host genetics, and immunity. Additionally, it explores the gut virome’s associations with various diseases, its interactions with gut bacteria and the immune system, and its emerging clinical applications.”
Move over microbiome, it’s time for the human gut’s “virome” to shine
“Viruses, including phages, along with bacteria and fungi form a complex and dynamic ecosystem in the gut. The components interact in positive and negative ways, thus affecting host metabolism, immune regulation and resistance to disease.
The gut virome plays a crucial regulatory role in these intricate interactions. Phages interact with bacteria through lytic, lysogenic, and budding cycles, which regulate bacterial populations and gene flow.”
“The virome affects gut immunity deeply. Phages can anchor to gut mucus and form a protective barrier. They also shape our own T and B cell activity and regulate macrophages. In addition, viruses that infect eukaryotic cells affect immune pathways and maintain gut balance.”
“Dietary strategies also reshape the virome. High-fiber diets boost beneficial phages and support bacterial diversity.“