Inflammation & Immune System - A deep dive into genetic pathways for actionable insights

I’m continuing my deep dives into the genetic pathways to get actionable insights as the previous ones have been incredible precise and useful. This time I’m looking at inflammation & immune system genetic pathways.

Here is the general description of the pathways and their variants. I will put the finding about my own genome below it as an example of what useful and actionable insights you can get.

Inflammation_Immune_Genetic_Pathway_Reference.pdf (560.2 KB)

Inflammation & Immune Genetic Report

:red_circle: Highest Priority

1. PTPN22 R620W HOMOZYGOUS (rs2476601 A/A)

Gain-of-function lymphoid phosphatase; strongest common autoimmune risk variant. Population frequency of homozygotes ~1–2%. Action: Request orthogonal clinical confirmation (e.g., validated genotyping platform). Discuss baseline autoimmune vigilance with PCP; consider rheumatology referral for baseline. Mitigator: All three HLA tag SNPs (DRB1 shared epitope, C*06:02, DQ2.5) negative — substantially reduces the HLA-driven RA/celiac/psoriasis risk multiplier.

2. CFH Y402H HOMOZYGOUS (rs1061170 T/T) + second CFH hit

One of the largest common-variant effects in human GWAS. AMD homozygous OR ~4.6. Action: Baseline OCT + fundus imaging with a retina specialist; age-appropriate surveillance thereafter. Discuss AREDS2-style lutein/zeaxanthin if Momentous Multi does not cover.

3. NFE2L2 (NRF2) -617 HOMOZYGOUS (rs6721961 G/G)

Reduced promoter transcription of the entire antioxidant response element program (SOD2, GPX1, NQO1, HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM). Keystone of the glutathione bottleneck that spans 4 reports (NFE2L2 here + CTH in Hcy + AKR1B1/GLO1 in Glycation). Action: Add sulforaphane (10–30 mg/d from stabilized broccoli sprout extract) — the single most impactful supplement addition. Increase NAC/NACET (current 100mg NACET is likely insufficient; target 300–600 mg NACET or 600 mg NAC).

4. Thyroid surveillance (PTPN22 context)

PTPN22 homozygous + absent HLA counterweight specifically for Hashimoto’s and Graves’. Action: Annual TSH, free T4, anti-TPO, anti-thyroglobulin — baseline if not already done. One-time ANA / anti-CCP / RF baseline screen is reasonable.

:yellow_circle: Moderate Priority

5. Add curcumin (bioavailable form, 500–1000 mg/d)

Dual action: second NRF2 activator (supports the keystone finding) and NF-κB inhibitor (addresses NFKB1 ins/del het + IKBKB het). Meriva / phytosome / BCM-95 forms preferred over standard curcumin.

6. IL6 G/G protective — confirmed across 3 reports

Inflammation, Glucose, and Endothelial reports all show this. Action: Use hs-CRP as your primary inflammatory marker — because genetic baseline is low, any hs-CRP elevation is mechanistically informative and warrants investigation rather than being written off as high genetic set-point. Recommend quarterly if stable.

7. Inflammasome het cluster (IL18 hom + NLRP3 het + IL1B double het + AIM2 het)

Modest upward bias in IL-1β/IL-18 axis. Current regimen already well-aligned: doxycycline 20mg BID (NLRP3 modulation), empagliflozin (NLRP3 inhibition), omega-3 stack (DHA directly inhibits NLRP3). No medication change needed — just note the mechanistic fit when discussing.

8. TGFB1 double homozygous + ALOX15 homozygous (resolution category)

Downstream resolution machinery shifted, but FADS1/FADS2/ELOVL2 all clean — substrate supply for resolvins/protectins is not genetically limited. Current EPA/DHA stack is adequate. Consider slight prioritization of DHA-rich fish oil over pure EPA given the downstream enzyme shifts. Aspirin (already on 81mg) is particularly well-matched here because aspirin-triggered lipoxins provide an alternate pro-resolving pathway bypassing ALOX15.


:green_circle: Monitoring & Lower Priority

9. hs-CRP as the primary inflammatory functional marker

Given the unique combination of IL6 G/G protective + clean TNF + inflammasome hets + CFH complement burden + adhesion molecule signals (from endothelial report), hs-CRP integrates all of these. Target: quarterly if stable, more often if trending. Pair with fibrinogen and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for integrated inflammatory assessment.

10. Functional glutathione assessment

Given the 4-report glutathione bottleneck convergence, a specialized reduced glutathione / GSSG ratio test would directly measure whether the genetic vulnerability is manifesting clinically and would serve as a biomarker for efficacy of sulforaphane + higher NAC intervention. Not all labs offer this; Doctor’s Data, Genova, and some academic centers do. Optional but mechanistically informative.


Quick alignment summary — what’s already working

HIGHLY FAVORABLE in current regimen:

  • Rapamycin (mTOR → broad anti-inflammatory)
  • Aspirin 81mg (aspirin-triggered lipoxins)
  • Low-dose doxycycline (NLRP3 modulation)
  • Omega-3 stack (~2g EPA + 0.4g DHA, substrate-adequate with FADS clean)
  • Polyphenol cluster: CacaoVia, olive leaf, d-limonene, ergothioneine (all NRF2 activators)
  • Empagliflozin (NLRP3 inhibition)
  • Tirzepatide (GLP-1 anti-inflammatory)

Gaps to add:

  • Sulforaphane (HIGH priority)
  • NAC/NACET dose increase (HIGH priority)
  • Curcumin bioavailable form (MODERATE priority)
  • Lutein/zeaxanthin if not in Momentous Multi (MODERATE priority)

Monitoring to add:

  • Thyroid panel + autoantibodies (HIGH priority — PTPN22)
  • Baseline retinal OCT + fundus (HIGH priority — CFH)
  • hs-CRP quarterly (primary functional marker)
3 Likes

I would add imeglimin to that list, and in the original imeglimin thread I just posted studies showing imeglimin as attenuating the LPS derived inflammasone.

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I already take Imeglimin as mentioned in the glucose report but I don’t have a genetic reason to take it for inflammation.

BTW I do have some genetic variants that might reduce the effectiveness of imeglimin to 70% so maybe I should take a little bit more.

That’s interesting, because in dosage suggestions for imeglimin there is the option to take lower doses (500mg), especially for those with kidney issues (despite some evidence that ime can be helpful if anything in CKD, as I posted in the ime thread). Taking a higher dose might be uncharted territory. My initial plan was to start with the lower dose, once I get around to adding ime to my stack (so far, still doing research).

That’s why it’s useful to look at the related SNP.
In my case I have bad SNP and one of my main glucose issue is beta-cells dysfunction. That explain why my glucose is still high even though my HOMA-IR is extremely good at 0.6.

Some extracts from my genetic reports:

Imeglimin 1000 mg BID HIGHLY FAVORABLE
Mitochondrial-targeting mechanism (Hallakou-Bozec et al., Diabetes Obes Metab 2021) directly addresses the core genetic defect: KATP channel (KCNJ11/ABCC8 hom), CDKAL1 hom, and GCK het all impair beta-cell insulin release mechanics. SOD2 het status makes mitochondrial support particularly relevant. Homocysteine report specifically flags imeglimin choice as genetically validated vs metformin (which depletes B12 and would compound TCN2 transport vulnerability).

The glucose report noted that metformin (which depletes B12) was deliberately not chosen, and imeglimin was preferred. This homocysteine report adds genetic justification for that choice: TCN2 homozygous already creates a B12 transport limitation. Adding metformin would have layered an iatrogenic depletion on top of a genetic vulnerability — the current regimen avoids this.

The interesting new finding is the convergent heterozygous state across SLC22A1 (OCT1) at two variants, SLC22A2 (OCT2), and SLC47A1 (MATE1) — all four transporter genes in the metformin/imeglimin handling pipeline are heterozygous for reduced-function variants. While each variant is individually modest, the combined effect predicts slightly reduced hepatic uptake, slightly reduced renal secretion, and slightly altered efflux for cationic drugs. In practice, this means imeglimin response may be mildly attenuated at the hepatic site of action

Isn’t that amazing?

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Yep, pretty crazy. But that’s why I have long since been all in on the concept of personalized medicine, because all the studies in the world are irrelevant if your personal profile indicates that you need a particular approach. What you are doing here is a first early step in that direction, The limitation of databases is still there, but as time goes by we’ll fill in the blanks. One day, personalized medicine will be so obvious as to not even merit a remark. But right now we’re just starting on that path.