Cellular senescence: all roads lead to mitochondria

'Abstract"

“Senescence is a multi-functional cell fate, characterized by an irreversible cell-cycle arrest and a pro-inflammatory phenotype, commonly known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Emerging evidence indicates that accumulation of senescent cells in multiple tissues drives tissue dysfunction and several age-related conditions. This has spurred the academic community and industry to identify new therapeutic interventions targeting this process. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an often-unappreciated hallmark of cellular senescence which plays important roles not only in the senescence growth arrest but also in the development of the SASP and resistance to cell-death. Here, we review the evidence that supports a role for mitochondria in the development of senescence and describe the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we propose that a detailed road map of mitochondrial biology in senescence will be crucial to guide the future development of senotherapies.”

https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/febs.16361

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There are a number of different causes of senescence. I think the main one that matters is a failure to fully differentiate because of a shortage of acetylation in the process of differentiation. I think what happens is that the cell goes into a form of arrested state where it basically waits.