Aging-related inflammation is not universal across human populations, new study finds

Key findings

  • Approximately 66% of Tsimane had at least one intestinal parasitic infection; over 70% of Orang Asli had a prevalent infection.

  • Inflammaging markers were strongly linked to chronic disease in industrialized populations, but not in Indigenous groups.

  • The study challenges the assumption of universal aging biomarkers, suggesting instead that immune-aging processes are population-specific and heavily influenced by the exposome—the totality of environmental, lifestyle, and infectious exposures.

Inflammation, long considered a hallmark of aging, may not be a universal human experience, according to a new study from Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. The research suggests that “inflammaging”—chronic, low-grade inflammation associated with aging—appears to be a byproduct of industrialized lifestyles and varies significantly across global populations.

Researchers analyzed data from four populations: two industrialized groups—the Italian InCHIANTI study and the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study (SLAS)—and two Indigenous, non-industrialized populations—the Tsimane of the Bolivian Amazon and the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia. While the inflammaging signature was similar between the two industrialized populations, it did not hold in the Indigenous groups, where inflammation levels were largely driven by infection rather than age.

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Paywalled Paper:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-025-00888-0

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Many calorie restricted ppl also have minimal inflammation through the lifespan but they still age

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Is this implying that an indigenous population with a parasitic infection has an immune system that is not creating in inflammatory response to the environment unlike the response to the artificial environment in the developed world population?

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Very cool result that intuitively makes sense. Makes you think about how many of those 12 hallmarks are simply long term symptoms of chronic diseases, and how many truly apply to all humans.

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Experts have long pointed to inflammation as a natural part of getting older. But a new paper suggests it might be more a product of our environment.

A new analysis of data gathered from a small Indigenous population in the Bolivian Amazon suggests some of our basic assumptions about the biological process of aging might be wrong.

Inflammation is a natural immune response that protects the body from injury or infection. Scientists have long believed that long-term, low-grade inflammation — also known as “inflammaging” — is a universal hallmark of getting older. But this new data raises the question of whether inflammation is directly linked to aging at all, or if it’s linked to a person’s lifestyle or environment instead.

The study, which was published today, found that people in two nonindustrialized areas experienced a different kind of inflammation throughout their lives than more urban people — likely tied to infections from bacteria, viruses and parasites rather than the precursors of chronic disease. Their inflammation also didn’t appear to increase with age.

if validated in larger studies, the findings could suggest that diet, lifestyle and environment influence inflammation more than aging itself, said Alan Cohen, an author of the paper and an associate professor of environmental health sciences at Columbia University.

The full NY Times article on this research: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/30/well/live/aging-inflammation-lifespan-environment.html?unlocked_article_code=1.Tk8.KaSR.X1gnXHdlUTOh&smid=url-share

Interesting. But so what? I mean, we live (most of us on this site) in a Western environment. There are many things we cannot change (limited control of air quality, for example). We are not going to move into the jungle. The facts are: we Westerners have inflammation that is damaging. Since we are not able to eliminate all sources of said inflammation, then we are obliged to counteract this, including with the use of drugs. In practical terms, since we cannot control all sources of inflammation, we’ll just have to continue with the current means of attenuation regardless.

Yes - I agree. It’s interesting from a scientific point, but if all people in western, industrial countries have the same inflammation profile then treating it as an aging biomarker isn’t so far off the mark really.

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Yes, I think it’s indicative of what the author concludes about what further research may validate. That diet, lifestyle, and environment influence aging. My take away from this is that western cultures try to avoid inflammation which may not be always so good. Especially, when it comes to things like exercise. Hasn’t it been established that anti inflammatory drugs, NAISD’s, diminish the gains of an exercise program? And exercise has been associated with better aging. Inflammation = good aging.

It’s important to avoid conflating localized or temporary inflammation and systemic “dry” inflammation. Temporary and localized inflammation is by all means healthy and necessary. When your body is combatting an infection, it involves an inflammatory process. Nobody is proposing to dampend that. Exercise involves temporary inflammation - and we know that trying to tamp down that (through anti-inflammatories or antioxidants), removes a lot of the benefits of exercise, so we don’t do that. Nobody is claiming that the temporary inflammation of exercise is anything but good. That type of inflammation is necessary and beneficial. We don’t try to combat this. That’s not at issue.

What’s at issue is something completely different. It’s a process where the inflammation is constant without an inciting cause - generalized inflammatory state, frequently associated with mTORC1 that doesn’t turn off, but keeps revving the inflammatory process. That’s systemic inflammation - a very different proposition, and here, unlike temporary or localized inflammation we do want to tamp down the process, and no, there are no benefits to this type of inflammation. In Western individuals, this inflammation is commonly associated with aging - called inflammaging. Now, to revisit exercise - why is the inflammation in exercise generated in the first place? In order to rev up the body’s natural mechanism to tamp down on overall inflammation - systemic inflammation - in the process of hormesis. That right there neatly illustrates the distinction - the good temporary inflammation that leads to less systemic inflammation. That’s part of the benefits of exercise - less inflammaging.

So, yes, temporary and localized inflammation that is part of a natural defense mechanism - is GOOD, and should not be tamped down. Systemic “dry” inflammation is NOT GOOD, and yes, it should be tamped down by whatever means we can - lifestyle, diet, exercise, drugs. One of the ways in which rapamycin inhibiting mTORC1 works beneficially is by allowing to tamp down on the destructive continuing revving that apparently happens in old age. Now, maybe there are nuances in how that works in non-Western populations, but I respond to this in the following way: LOOK AT THE ANIMAL DATA.

If we take animal models, anti-inflammatories and mTOR inhibitors WORK. They prolong lifespan and healthspan. And the animals don’t suffer many of the Western lifestyle issues, like sitting around watching TV and eating chips. It works in animals all over the world. Good enough for me. I don’t actually care as much why it works, but that it works. And so, I’ll continue to take rapamycin and anti-inflammatory agents that work against systemic inflammaging, and I let the people in jungles or other cultures find their own ways to slow down aging… and may I add, that longevity records for humans on the whole are reached in the world built on the Western model, including the purported “blue zones” like the Loma Linda in the USA. Somehow they don’t have jungle tribes where people live into their 90’s on average and large numbers are centenarians and some even supercentenarians. Oh, and my cat reminds me, that companion animals living in the rotten West tend to live a great deal longer than their feral brethern who are untouched by the evils of civilization - it’s as if somone needed a reminder of what Thomas Hobbes observed about life in the state of nature without the benefit of civilization: life that is “nasty, brutish and short”. Thanks, but no thanks, I’ll take my pills and go read a book. No inflammaging for me, thank you, but to each their own. YMMV.

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