You could be restricting calories from where you began and not where you are.
You can refrain from eating a donut, i.e calorie restriction. Or you can eat it and not restrict calories. You don’t have to be losing weight to restrict calories, it can also be for maintenance.
So anyone who isn’t actively gaining weight is on a Calorie Restriction Diet.
Not necessarily. It’s when you restrict calories from ad libitum often in the already healthy weight range.
In the Minnesota Starvation Experiment by Ancel Keys the participants had their calories cut in half, they had numerous side effects and eventually stabilized in weight. They were calorie restricted. Eventually they got to eat whatever they wanted and regained the weight back and the symptoms disappeared.
It’s not the same molecule.
Not sure what you’re saying… are you saying that “oral semaglutide pills” are not the same molecule as injection semaglutide?
Avi Roy is claiming that Orforglipron is oral Semaglutide. It agonises the same receptor, it is similar in function (as far as we know), but they’re not the same molecule.
That is if I’m reading their post correctly.
No, I’d read the post again above. He mentions that oral Wegovy (semaglutide) was recently approved. Further down in the corner it says that both oral sema and orforglipron have been approved. I don’t see anything suggesting that he thinks they’re the same molecule, in fact just the opposite.
Preliminary study finds that testosterone levels increase or stabilize in people taking GLP-1 medications.
The latest generation of obesity drugs might have another potential benefit: improving fertility in men. A systematic review presented today at the Endocrine Society’s annual meeting in Chicago, Illinois, suggests that GLP-1 medications might increase testosterone levels and help to improve the quality of sperm in men with obesity.
The evidence is still preliminary, and more robust trials are needed to confirm the association, says review co-author Pratibha Natesh, an endocrinologist at Warwick Medical School in Coventry, UK. But emerging evidence from other sources points in the same direction.
Perfect sperm
Most of the next-generation obesity drugs that have come on the market in the past five years work by binding to the same receptor as a natural hormone called glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), creating a feeling of fullness. To learn how the drugs affect male fertility, Natesh and her colleagues searched the literature for randomized controlled trials of GLP-1 drugs that included measurements of testosterone levels in men. They found only five studies.
In one study1, for example, 30 men with low testosterone levels, a condition known as hypogonadism, and obesity were assigned to receive either a GLP-1 drug or testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) at random. At the end of 16 weeks, the testosterone levels of both groups had risen.
Another study2 randomly assigned 25 men with type 2 diabetes and hypogonadism to receive either a GLP-1 drug or TRT. After 24 weeks, testosterone levels increased in both groups, although the increase was greater among those receiving TRT. In the GLP-1 group, however, sperm quality improved. The percentage of morphologically typical sperm — those with a perfect shape and size — went from 2% at the start of the study to 4% by the end. In the TRT group, sperm count and quality declined, which is expected during this type of therapy.
The other three studies3,4,5 included in the review involved healthy men receiving GLP-1 medications for short periods of time and showed that the drugs had no effect on testosterone levels.
Testosterone boost
The findings of the systematic review are supported by other studies, including research presented last month at the American Urological Association annual meeting in Washington DC by Andrés Guillén-Lozoya, a physician at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Guillén-Lozoya and his colleagues analysed the electronic health records of more than 1,600 men who had been prescribed obesity drugs and found that participants’ testosterone levels increased by around 30% after treatment with either a GLP-1 drug or a drug that mimics both GLP-1 and a separate hormone called glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.
And a retrospective study6 examined the electronic health records of 215 men who were being treated with weight-loss drugs. It found that their testosterone levels after treatment were, on average, around 20% higher than before treatment.
Read the full story: The latest benefit of obesity drugs: boosting testosterone and sperm quality (Nature)
This is an interesting signal, as 16 weeks is short enough that weight loss is ongoing, but you can’t attribute all benefits to weight loss only.
For comparison, in bariatric surgery, there is no improvement in morphologically typical sperm for 6 to 12 months after operation (Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Male Infertility: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Literature Review - PubMed).
Minor weight loss improves it, but it’s minor compared to the results above: https://academic.oup.com/humupd/article-abstract/32/2/154/8279592
