Further to my post above, hereās a study:
Effects of Lutein and Astaxanthin Intake on the Improvement of Cognitive Functions among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Quote:
āOnly studies where the intake of carotenoids was oral were included in the review. Participants also had to have taken only one type of carotenoid, however, the simultaneous intake of two or more types of carotenoids was allowed if the combined carotenoids were of similar function and biodistribution (e.g., lutein and zeaxanthin) [23]. Studies were only admitted to the SR if two or more groups of carotenoids were administered and an orally taken placebo was included in the treatment design.ā
Here we have a study implying that combining astaxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin is possible insofar as this combination has a biological impact, but it does not tease out the impact of the individual components, or whether one might have displaced the other, or otherwise was additive or subtractive:
Effects of Astaxanthin, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin on EyeāHand Coordination and Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movement after Visual Display Terminal Operation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Intergroup Trial
Hereās an abstract in zebrafish, and it looks like they tested astaxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, but unfortunately separately. However, what was interesting, was that lutein was by far the most protective, with zeaxanthin next, and astaxanthin last:
Comparison of the protective effects of astaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin from AMD-related vision loss in zebrafish
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2796505
āAstaxanthin protected the retina from the A2E damage over this same period. In fact, the visual acuity increased nearly 10% compared to baseline (p=0.036 n=10). Lutein had an even larger effect, not only protecting from vision loss but also seeing an improvement of visual acuity of 33% (p=0.00079 n=7). Luteinās effect was significantly larger than that of astaxanthin. Zeaxanthin also protected from the visual acuity loss and was in between both astaxanthin and lutein with a 16% improvement (p=0.0055 n=7). Two weeks after A2E treatment, fish retinas a reduced cell density, whereas lutein, the strongest performing carotenoid protected the retinal cells.ā